Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction
What is temporomandibular joint dysfunction?
To understand what temporomandibular joint dysfunction is, you must first know what and where the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) resides. A joint that connects the lower jaw to the skull, the TMJ allows the jaw to open and close – enabling functions like eating or speaking.
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction, also known as temporomandibular disorder, or commonly referred to as just TMJ dysfunction, is a range of conditions affecting this joint and the muscles responsible for jaw movement.
What causes TMJ dysfunction?
TMJ dysfunction can be caused by a several things, including:
- Teeth grinding or clenching: This habit can put excessive pressure on the jaw joint
- Jaw injuries: Trauma to the jaw can damage the TMJ
- Arthritis: Both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis can affect the TMJ
- Stress: Stress can lead to muscle tension and jaw clenching
- Malocclusion: Misalignment of the teeth can affect the way the jaw functions
What are the symptoms of TMJ dysfunction?
Symptoms of TMJ dysfunction can include jaw pain, difficulty moving the jaw and clicking or popping sounds during movement. Some people may experience facial pain, headaches or earaches, difficulty opening and closing the mouth and even locking of the jaw.
TMJ dysfunction FAQs
How is TMJ dysfunction diagnosed?
Your dentists may be able to diagnose TMJ dysfunction by reviewing your medical history, performing a physical examination of the jaw or referring you for further tests such as x-rays, CT scans or even MRIs.
What treatments are available for TMJ dysfunction?
Treatment options for TMJ dysfunction can include:
- Self-care practices: Eating soft foods, avoiding extreme jaw movements, and applying ice packs.
- Medications: Pain relievers, anti-inflammatories, or muscle relaxants.
- Physical therapy: Jaw exercises to improve movement and strengthen muscles.
- Bite guards or splints: Worn at night to prevent teeth grinding.
- Stress management techniques: Relaxation exercises to reduce jaw tension.
- Surgery: Considered only in severe cases when other treatments have failed.
Can TMJ dysfunction go away on its own?
In some cases, TMJ dysfunction symptoms may improve without treatment. However, if symptoms persist or worsen, it's important to seek medical advice.
Is TMJ dysfunction common?
TMJ disorders are relatively common, affecting about 10% to 15% of adults. Women are more likely to experience TMJ disorders than men.
When should I see a doctor for TMJ dysfunction?
You should consult a healthcare provider if you experience:
- Persistent pain or tenderness in your jaw
- Difficulty opening or closing your mouth
- Jaw locking
- Clicking or popping sounds accompanied by pain
For more information or to discuss your symptoms, please contact your dentist.